Antioxidants: Can they save you or kill you quicker?
The Statement: Antioxidants for “building strong bones and teeth” and “protection and healing while improving memory function.”— Cafeteria signage, 07/28/2011
Like many of you, dear readers, on my way to lunch every day I am met with a barrage of well-intentioned signs in my workplace cafeteria that extol the benefits of antioxidants. According to these colourful posters, antioxidants do everything from build strong bones and teeth to protect and heal the body (whatever that means) while also improving memory function.
These signs ring bells: naturally, Science-ish is skeptical of any life-preserving miracle cures. So we asked: what are antioxidants and what do they really do for the body?
First, we must begin with free radicals, which are molecules that have at least one unpaired electron and therefore can be unstable and highly reactive. The theory goes oxidation (or oxygen metabolism), which is a natural process needed to sustain life, also causes the formation of free radicals, and the free radicals can age and damage your cells, leading to diseases such as cancer.
That’s where antioxidants come in. Found in many foods—from fruits and vegetables to wine, chocolate, and tea—antioxidants are thought to interact with the free radicals, stabilize them, and prevent some of the damage they would otherwise cause. In other words, they protect the body’s cells from the sometimes harmful effects of those wild free radicals.
So it would seem to make sense that consuming more antioxidants—drinking pomegranate juice and eating carrots at lunch, topping up with vitamin supplements C and E—leads to more health benefits, which is probably why the thinkers behind the lunchroom signage encourage cafeteria-dwellers to dive in.
But the science shows that more antioxidants, particularly those derived from vitamin supplements, have no health benefits and, what’s worse: they can kill you early.
A 2008 systematic review of the literature on antioxidants found no evidence to support the seemingly widely accepted use of antioxidant supplements, such as vitamins A and E, and beta-carotene. Instead, the researchers concluded, these substances may increase mortality. “Antioxidant supplements need to be considered medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing,” they wrote.
Similarly, a comprehensive evidence report out of Johns Hopkins University stated: “With few exceptions, neither beta-carotene nor vitamin E had benefits for preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration.” Beta-carotene supplements actually increased the risk of lung cancer in people at risk (smokers and those exposed to asbestos).
Age-related Macular Degeneration Posters - News
Similarly, a comprehensive evidence report out of Johns Hopkins University stated: “With few exceptions, neither beta-carotene nor vitamin E had benefits for preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration.
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Drosen in the fellow eye of Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration. S 1 59. [Text English). — Meeting Abstract: Meeting Poster: human I ...AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Scientific Poster #307, AAO 2000 OosterhuisJA,Journee-deKorver JG, ... Koenig F (1 990) Occult sub- retinal new vessels in age-related macular degeneration. ...Focus on Macular Degeneration Research
Clinical significance of postlaser indocyanine green angiographic hot spots in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 1999;106;925-931. ...Atlas of fundus autofluorescence imaging
(2006) Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. ... Oxford Congress (poster presentation), July 1, 2006 24. von Rückmann, A, Fitzke, ...Perimetry and the fundus, an introduction to microperimetry
Autofluorescence distribution associated with drusen in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:496-504. 10. ...Day-by-day Info Directory
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